Diosdado Macapagal - 3017 Words

Diosdado Macapagal ABSTRACT Diosdado P. Macapagal, fifth president of the Philippine Republic and known as Champion of the Common Man .He is the President who introduced the first tentative land reform law in the Philippines. Macapagal first won election in 1949 to the House of Representatives from his home province, Pampanga, north of Manila. In 1957, he became vice president in the administration of Carlos P. Garcia, whom he defeated in 1961 for the presidency.As chief executive, Mr. Macapagal yielded to pressure from the International Monetary Fund and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls. He also devaluated the peso in an effort to stimulate the sagging economy by increasing†¦show more content†¦Early Career After passing the bar examination, Macapagal was invited to join an American law firm as a practicing attorney, a particular honor for a Filipino at the time. He was assigned as a legal assistant to President Manuel L. Quezon in Malacaà ±an Palace. In 1948, President Elpid io Quirino appointed Macapagal as chief negotiator in the successful transfer of the Turtle Islands in the Sulu Sea from the United Kingdom to the Philippines.That same year, he was assigned as second secretary to the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C.In 1949, he was elevated to the position of Counselor on Legal Affairs and Treaties, at the time the fourth highest post in the Philippine Foreign Office. QUEST OF BEING A PRESIDENT In 1950 the members of the House of Representatives elected Macapagal as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and he was given several important foreign assignments. He was a Philippine delegate to the United Nations General Assembly multiple times. As a Representative, Macapagal authored and sponsored several laws ofShow MoreRelatedJuan Osong6460 Words   |  26 Pages------------------------------------------------- Diosdado Macapagal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Diosdado Macapagal | | 9th  President of the Philippines | In  office December 30, 1961  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  December 30, 1965 | Vice  President | Emmanuel Pelaez | Preceded  by | Carlos Garcia | Succeeded  by | Ferdinand Marcos | 2nd  President of the 1971 Philippine Constitutional Convention | In  office June 14, 1971  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  January 17, 1973 | President | Ferdinand Marcos | Preceded  by | Carlos P. Garcia | Read MoreFilipino Economist4539 Words   |  19 PagesUniversity of Bridgeport, Connecticut. He is an alumnus of USC, finishing his A.B. major in Economics after graduating magna cum laude with his A.B. major in Philosophy from San Carlos Major Seminary. ------------------------------------------------- Diosdado Macapagal 9th  President of the Philippines Fifth Third President of the Republic | Served December 30  ,  1961  -  Disymbre 30  ,  1965 | President | Carlos P.  Garcia | Vice president | Emmanuel Pelaez | Preceded by | Carlos P.  Garcia | Followed by |Read MorePhilippine Government982 Words   |  4 Pagesreconstruction. A communist-inspired Huk Rebellion (1945-53) complicated recovery efforts before its successful suppression under the leadership of President Ramon Magsaysay. The succeeding administrations of Presidents Carlos P. Garcia (1957-61) and Diosdado Macapagal (1961-65) sought to expand Philippine ties to its Asian neighbors, implement domestic reform programs, and develop and diversify the economy. In 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-86) declared martial law, citing growing lawlessnessRead MorePhilippine Presidents2416 Words   |  10 Pageselections, â€Å"the noisiest and the most expensive in Philippine history.† Garcia’s administration (1957 - 1961) was anchored in his austerity program. It was also noted for its Filipino First policy – an attempt to boost economic independence. Diosdado Macapagal.  Fifth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He defeated Garcia in the presidential elections of November 14, 1961. Mapacagal – who styled himself as the â€Å"poor boy† from Lubao (Pampanga) – completed pre-law and Associate in ArtsRead MoreThe Historical Events in the Philippines1419 Words   |  6 Pagessupport from the Armed Forces leadership, in what was called EDSA Dos, or Peoples Power II, forced Estrada to resign as President. He was succeeded immediately by his Vice-President, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, as acting President. She is the daughter of the late President Diosdado Macapagal. 2004 †¢ Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was elected in the May 2004 election to her own six-year term as President. Her election was marred by controversy sparked by the so-called Garci tape containing alleged wiretappedRead MoreMatrix of Philippines Presidents3020 Words   |  13 Pagespro-Filipino administration in terms of economic policies. He made the economy truly free from the control of the foreigners. | PRESIDENT | POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY | POLITICAL EXPERIENCE | ACHIEVEMENTS | STRENGHTS, WEAKNESSES, THREATS | EVALUATION | DIOSDADO MACAPAGALYears of AdministrationDecember 30, 1961- December 30, 1965 | End to corruption and appealing to the electorate as a common man from humble beginningsMacapagal promised a socio-economic program anchored on a return to free and privateRead MoreHuman Rights in the Philippines1953 Words   |  8 Pagespreviously visited the Philippines in early 2006 to investigate various deaths of trade unionists including Diosdado Fortuna.[2] On Dec 7, Mr. Campbell was informed he was on a blacklist by the Filipino immigration authorities and was barred from entering the country. Mr. Campbell then was immediately forced to leave the country. | | United Nations investigation Since 2001 when President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo began her term in office over 800 people have been victims of extra - judicial killings. In 2007Read MoreSpanish Leadership and Cruelty in An expedition by Miguel Là ³pez de Legazpi552 Words   |  3 Pagesindependence was granted, as scheduled, on July 4, 1946 from the United States. As time went along, the Philippines had more presidents after Roxas, including Elpidio Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcà ­a, and Diosdado Macapagal, all who served 4-year terms. Then, the president after Macapagal, Ferdinand E. Marcos, served as president from 1965 to 1986. During this time, government corruption and civil disorder increased. After a series of fraud attempts in the 1986 elections, Marcos lost his supportRead MoreIntroduction to Agrarian Reform1446 Words   |  6 Pagesagricultural lands. However, his sudden death caused him to distribute less than one percent of the land under his program. During the time of Pres. Diosdado Macapagal, the share tenancy was abolished and leasehold tenancy was adopted preparatory to owner-cultivatorship. In July 1963 under the administration of Pres. Diosdado Macapagal, the Land Reform Code was passed by the Congress. It was approved and took into effect on Aug. 8, 1963. Republic Act 6389 which was supportedRead MoreLife Without Travel Is a Life Unlived860 Words   |  4 Pagesasked me if I wanted in. Without any hesitation I said yes! Before even knowing when the dates are, I said yes. That was three months ago. I never had any regret for that decision . We left Baguio around midnight for the long trip to the Diosdado Macapagal Airport. We were excited, eager. We didn’t sleep the whole 4 and a half hour trip. Our flight was scheduled 9 am. We arrived 3 hours early. Yeah, were were excited. After that 3 hour wait and a two hour flight, touchdown Hong Kong! It’s funny

Leadership Analysis Free Essays

Running head: SCHOLARSHIP, PRACTICE, AND LEADERSHIP Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership Essay Cory A. Muhammad University of Phoenix Education and Information Literacy In a US society where information literacy is considered a luxury and not a human right enables intellectual illiteracy limits to be pushed to the max. It’s a nightmare how some can be deceived and taken advantage of or even locked out of opportunities by those who demonstrate the use of information literacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The desire for current and upcoming generations desiring access to information through text is becoming scarce. Researchers found that current and possible future generations would rather watch videos or tutorials instead of reading information found in text materials. â€Å"Experts suggested that they preferred to view information rather than read it, and so tended to choose information that was graphically represented rather than just text-based† (Venkatraman, 2009, p. 6). Today within the environment of education we are experiencing an increasing need for individuals to take interests in their own learning and exposure to information literacy for a variety of reasons: a) It gives learners the ability to become exposed to higher education and technology b) Enables learners to communicate (using technology) in an educational setting, and c) Prepares students to relate to the various generations of learners. In this essay I will discuss how information literacy relates to the scholar/practitioner/leadership model. Higher Education and Technology Anyone pursuing higher education will have to get use to the ideal of incorporating scholar practice of information literacy. As learners grow stronger in the use of information literacy, we can expose ourselves to higher educational opportunities such as Universities, trade colleges, skill centers, or career enhancement programs. Once an individual can be exposed to the various information located in most libraries all information retrieved completely enhances all researched subjects and allows for more profound subject content. In higher education information literacy plays a major role in the use of technology. Technology is an essential learning tool used amongst students and professionals today. Information illiteracy can lead to the mis-understanding and fear of technology. Information illiteracy can ultimately cause generational gaps in communication as-well. When one generation has not adequately prepared for the trend of another generation (generation X) vs. (Generation Y), this is a clear indication of information illiteracy. The new generation communicates in an integrated way, leveraging the technology that’s available. However libraries and other information providers â€Å"have fundamental problems in adapting†, â€Å"They’re not keeping up with the demand of these researchers, who live in the wider internet space,† (Venkatraman, 2009, p. 6). Education and Communication Using Technology Computer literacy, Internet literacy, e-mail functionality, search engine and data base literacy are a few amongst a huge arena of technology functions in our ever changing world we live in. Information literacy allows learners the opportunity to become literate in the world of technology and the use of wonderful tools to gain better performance in processing day to day tasks. The flipside to this same coin is information illiteracy prevents people from knowing about the reality of technology and its benefit. Information literacy ultimately improves the learner’s quality of life as they are being exposed to superior methods of functioning, as well as make themselves marketable from possessing education. â€Å"Most are not even aware of the potential help that is available to them. Libraries, which provide the best access point to information for most U. S. citizens, are left untapped by those who most need help to improve their quality of life† (â€Å"Association of College Research Libraries,† 1989). Communication Channels to Transcend Generations Information literacy ensures opportunity for open communication channels between different generations of learners, or leadership teams. Adequate communications through information literacy develops leadership amongst the educational atmosphere. The one who has the ability to relate to the various generations can easily emerge from the groups as a leader. Learning and professional environments benefit a great deal when an open line of communications exists between generations incorporating, wisdom, knowledge, desire, energy, and perspective. Information literacy allows for generations to be aware of each others benefit, but also rely on each other for constant innovation and progress. Information illiteracy will only promote detraction from any information or understanding of various generations and a low desire for people to pursue higher education. â€Å"There is a danger of a new elite developing in our country: the information elite† (Venkatraman, 2009, p. 6). Information literacy on the other hand, promotes the desire of individuals to continue to pursuing knowledge, and learning. In conclusion, the articles researched on information literacy revealed the current condition in our country regarding information illiteracy. Grades K-12, secondary, post secondary, graduate and even doctoral learning suffers from information il literacy. Students not engaging in intense research fail to use credible sources that handicap their ability to broaden their knowledge on specific subject matter. Students’ abilities to incorporate diverse forms of information literacy will enhance their educational experience and make it a more lifelong and fulfilling learning experience. By restructuring the learning process learners can develop skills to become practitioners of information literacy. Information literacy helps set up various frameworks for individuals to resolve moral dilemmas. The continued development of information literacy models could provide students and professionals within organizations the relatable life skills required for the scholar/practitioner/leadership model. References: Association of College Research Libraries. (1989). Presidential Committee on Information Literacy: Final Report. Retrieved from http://news. ala. org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/publications/whitepapers/presidential. cfm#opp. on June 7, 2009. Lauer, S. , Yodanis, C. (2004, July). The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP): A Tool for Teaching with an International Perspective. Teaching Sociology, 32(3), 304-313. Retrieved June 7, 2009, from SocINDEX with Full Text database. Venkatraman, A. (2009, How to cite Leadership Analysis, Essays

Ethical Dilemma of Artificial Intelligent Samples for Students

Question: Write a Business Report Providing an Ethical Analysis of a Project Management Case Study. Answer: Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) has always raised many ethical dilemmas, the notion that a machine can produce the same thinking and reasoning as a human being is both a critical and challenging endeavour. As humans we are designed to preserve life at all costs while the machines will analyse the situation to develop the least harmful outcome. These analyses could lead to serious consequences especially for the motoring industry where a self-driving car could risk the life of the owner in an attempt the save the lives of others (Bostrom Yudkowsky, 2011). The case study under consideration raises similar ethical dilemmas where the consultant is forced to make a decision between extending the capabilities of the AI system and losing to the competition. Now, this report will analyse this scenario while providing an ethical response to the situation while consulting the acclaimed ACS Code of professional conduct. The Dilemma To extend the AI capabilities and adaptabilities, John (the AI consultant) must extend the time spent on modelling the cars response to different accidents scenarios. However, as expected this outcome is going to affect the companys product release dates which in effect will give the rival companies a competitive edge. John could forego the extra modelling tests in an attempt to beat the competition but this risk lives. Therefore, the ethical dilemma, extend the modelling time and risk losing the financial/economic battle or fails to extend it and wins the competition however with a risk of losing lives in the future through accidents. Ethical response based on consequences When integrated self-driving cars are set to be part or members of the functioning society thus must have the reasoning capabilities to decide what is right and wrong (Burton, Goldsmith, Koeing, Kuipers, Mattei Walsh, 2017). Ultimately, the vehicle will have to make a life-defining decision which according to the AI consultant still requires further testing. Therefore, a release to the market holds grave consequences to human life. As the consultant, John holds all responsibility for the vehicles outcome particularly when a negative outcome is observed. He stands to lose his credibility if frequent accidents are observed and more so if they are caused by his decision to stop further modelling. Moreover, he is liable to legal suits if lives are lost as he willingly let the vehicles into the market despite the foreseeable consequences. On the other hand, the customers unknowingly will risk their lives while using the newly designed technology. Yes, the technology does present considerable benefits such as time efficiency but these outcomes are based on the presumption that the intelligent system can make better decisions than humans (Bostrom, 2011). As a customer, a user will surrender all control to the tested system placing his/her life to the AI. Consequently, they risk their lives and that of other in the process. Ethical response based on principles John as the AI consultant is obligated to perform his duties using an upright moral code, this because his decisions directly affect the outcome of the intelligent system (Wah, 2008). Morally, he holds a professional responsibility to provide an honest assessment of the situation and devise the appropriate action regardless of the financial outcomes. Essentially, this is the largest temptation that the consultant faces as there are no auditing features done nor are there rules or guidelines to gauge his progress. Therefore, choosing to extend the modelling process clearly, falls within his domain. Moreover, his hired to provide his professional advice based on his years as an AI expert more so in technical design, which means he must provide a credible opinion regardless of the clients (company) demands. Therefore, his obligated to extend the modelling of the vehicles AI system if needed. Furthermore, he must exercise patience and consider the actual customers at hand, not the car company but the future owners of the vehicles. Ethical response of a caring person Empathy generally guides a caring individual who feels the desire to promote self-responsibility when dealing with other people. Therefore, in the given scenario a caring person would put the needs of others before those of his own and also those of the company. In response, as the AI consultant, the individual would extend the time spent on the modelling of the car to meet the maximum if not minimal accident assessment requirements. Moreover, they would feel obliged to convey their assessment to the customers in an attempt to safeguard their lives. Furthermore, their concerns would have little to do with the financial outcomes of the project choosing to delay it in effect losing to the competition. ACS Code of Professional Conduct ACS codes are meant to uphold and honour dignity while dealing with any professional work. Our chosen case study outlines a serious ethical dilemma that can as well be related to ACS codes which would facilitate a better decision. Moreover, from Johns requirements, his supposed to offer the best and most efficient solution (AI related) but with the adherence to the proper professional code. Now, lets examine the ACS codes (relevant codes) and how they relate to this case study. Public interest According to this code, a profession should place his primary focus on the interests of the public. Therefore, for the ethical dilemma at hand, the AI consultant should extend his modelling phase even though it contradicts the deployment phase. This outcome will without a doubt safeguard the interest of the public. Honesty These codes calls for an honest representation of an individuals profession including skills, information, and service delivery. Its Johns opinion that the designed intelligent system fails to meet the accident modelling requirements. He must be true to this code to safeguard the safety of the public. Competence a profession should conduct his role diligently to meet the mandates set by his stakeholders. This code further exhibits the dilemma at hand, on one hand, the AI consultant must serve the interest of the company (deploy before the competition does) however, he also holds a responsibility for the public who are also stakeholders in the designed vehicle. Professionalism This code calls for enhancement and improvement of the ACS codes. Therefore, to stay true to his profession, John must employ the ACS codes by enacting a solution that serves the interest of the public while satisfying those of his employers. (ACS, 2014) Ethical defence John requires the approval of the companys CEO in order to conduct the accident modelling. Furthermore, this process will require additional resources most of which will be time, a resource that the company cannot afford. Therefore, in the off chance the modelling is approved the company risk losing their business both from the investment already made and from the additional resource requirement. As a consequence, the company risk losing its clientele which may cause other problems including the extreme which would be bankruptcy. Moreover, personally, John risks losing his job as a consultant in the company which can also extend to other affiliated organisations. In essence, John will hold both a personal and professional responsibility in meeting the desires of his employers even though they contradict his own. Furthermore, his obliged not only by his ethical standards but also by those of the ACS to meet the set mandate. Therefore, John must respect the wishes of his employers and pass the components of the car in order to fulfil his professional mandate. Summary Based on this analysis, one party in the case study stands to lose i.e. either the company or the public. Moreover, the outcome depends on the AI consultant who has to devise an intelligent system that meets his customer desires. Ethically, his obligated by both his immediate employer (company) and extended employers who are the public (companys customers). The company stand to lose financially where extra resources will be spent on modelling ventures in addition to the loss of customers. However, the anticipated loss on behalf of the public graver than that of the company as a lot of people will risk their lives in the newly designed cars. Therefore, John should critically analyse the situation and offer a true assessment of the possible outcomes regardless of the opinions held by the CEO. He should stay true to his profession while exhibiting empathy and good ethical/moral standards. Yes, the company stands to lose however, financial ramifications are far too inferior as compared to the loss of lives. Moreover, in case he approves the already designed components (despite the faults) the company stands to lose in the future when the worse possible outcomes eventually occur. Therefore, by siding with the public interest he not only does the right thing but also safeguards the future interest of the company. References ACS. (2014). ACS Code of Professional Conduct Professional Standards Board Australian Computer Society. Inspiring success. Retrieved 24 April, 2017, from: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/ACS%20Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf Bostrom. N. (2011). Ethical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence. Philosophy Faculty. Retrieved 24 April, 2017, from: https://www.nickbostrom.com/ethics/ai.pdf Bostrom. N Yudkowsky. E. (2011). The ethics of artificial intelligence. Cambridge Handbook Of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved 24 April, 2017, from: https://www.nickbostrom.com/ethics/artificial-intelligence.pdf Burton. E, Goldsmith. J, Koenig. S, Kuipers. B, Mattei. N Walsh. T. (2017). Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence Courses. Retrieved 24 April, 2017, from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.07769.pdf Wah. B. (2008). Ethics and professional responsibility in computing. Wiley encyclopaedia of computer science and engineering. Retrieved 24 April, 2017, from: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/12247/ecse909.pdf?sequence=2